This discussion has been ongoing a while (though with few participants), and I think it is valuable to the ocean community to resolve it quickly if possible. 
After a quick round of on-line reading (and absent any uptake on creating an alias), I vote for using apparent_oxygen_utilization.
The key sentence for me was in Encyclopedia of Earth content: 'This is a method of estimating the amount of dissolved oxygen utilized by marine organisms via respiration, although it is termed "apparent" for a reason.' (Which it then explains, and contrasts to True Oxygen Utilization.) The fact the term is universally known, taught, and used in the oceanography realm; does not seem to have any ambiguous uses in other domains; and fairly well captures the gist of the concept, says to me it's OK to use it. Even if it is functional rather than naming.
I'd tweak the definition slightly:
> AOU, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, is defined as the difference between the saturation oxygen concentration in water at 1 atmosphere, and the observed oxygen concentration (e.g., Broecker and Peng, 1982). It is a standard calculation made by oceanographers to estimate non-physical effects on oxygen, where non-physical means  biological processes (uptake/release and chemical reaction).
If it turns out in the future this name causes trouble, we have a mechanism to fix it. But I think the domain-specific name will benefit CF more than hurt it.
John
---------------
John Graybeal
Marine Metadata Interoperability Project: 
http://marinemetadata.org
MMI Ontology Registry and Repository: 
http://mmisw.org/orr
On Feb 2, 2015, at 07:02, Nan Galbraith <ngalbraith at whoi.edu> wrote:
> Hi all - 
> 
> In the interest of getting a reply to Ajay, are we going to recommend the new 
> standard name difference_of_oxygen_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water_from_saturation,
> as suggested by Jonathan? I suppose we can recommend that the BGC folks use 
> their domain's preferred term, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, as a long name.
> 
> I'll just make one last-ditch effort, by quoting Roy's email of 1/20/15, then I'll 
> stop being disagreeable:
>>  Wally Broecker's work is so well absorbed into biogeochemistry that we should respect his terminology.
> 
> Cheers - 
> Nan
> 
> 
> On 1/26/15 12:35 PM, Jonathan Gregory wrote:
>> 
>> Dear Nan
>> 
>> Yes, there are standard_names which are not self-explanatory, I agree. But I
>> think that in the standard_name table the advantage of being self-explanatory 
>> outweighs the disadvantage of being longer and less familiar. The standard_name
>> table has a particular purpose of helping to describe quantities so that people
>> with different sources of data can work out if their quantities are "the same
>> thing" for the purpose of intercomparison. That's why we may use different and
>> more explicit terms from the ones that experts in various domains use among
>> themselves.
>> 
>> Yours equally respectfully
>> 
>> Jonathan
>> 
>> ----- Forwarded message from Nan Galbraith <ngalbraith at whoi.edu> -----
>> 
>>> Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2015 09:20:54 -0500
>>> From: Nan Galbraith <ngalbraith at whoi.edu>
>>> To: cf-metadata at cgd.ucar.edu
>>> Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] Fwd: Re: Request for new standard-name:
>>> 	apparent_oxygen_utilization
>>> 
>>> 
>>> The  terms that have been suggested (like
>>> difference_of_oxygen_per_unit_mass_
>>> in_sea_water_from_saturation) are more descriptive of the method of
>>> measurement
>>> and calculation than of the concept being described, apparent oxygen
>>> utilization,
>>> so I have to respectfully disagree.
>>> 
>>> I think there are precedents for allowing a concept like 'apparent
>>> oxygen utilization'
>>> to be used as a standard name, in preference to describing measurement and
>>> calculation methods in these terms.
>>> 
>>> Some examples are richardson_number_in_sea_water,
>>> atmosphere_dry_energy_content,
>>> atmosphere_convective_inhibition_wrt_surface - these all describe
>>> the calculations in
>>> their definitions, not in the names themselves.
>>> 
>>> Regards -
>>> Nan
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On 1/21/15 1:46 PM, Jonathan Gregory wrote:
>>>> Dear Nan
>>>> 
>>>> Sorry to be awkward, but it doesn't change my opinion. CF standard names are
>>>> often not the terms which are customarily used in the expert communities
>>>> themselves. They're not really names, but explanations, in many cases. This
>>>> is in no way to underrate the expertise of the people concerned, but to make
>>>> things clear. For example, in atmospheric science, there is a quantity which
>>>> most people would recognise by the name of omega. But that's not at all self-
>>>> explanatory and the same letter is used in other fields for different things,
>>>> so its standard name is lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure, which answers
>>>> the question, "What is omega?", rather than being the customary jargon term.
>>>> 
>>>> Best wishes
>>>> 
>>>> Jonathan
On Jan 20, 2015, at 10:50, Lowry, Roy K. <rkl at bodc.ac.uk> wrote:
> Hi Nan,
> 
> I must admit a little discomfort watching the process of CF semantic modelling replacing a well-known term with something that nobody in the domain would recognise without significant education. I didn't comment because I as a semantic modeller I can see both sides. However, I think you're right and Wally Broecker's work is so well absorbed into biogeochemistry that we should respect his terminology.
> 
> Cheers, Roy.
> ________________________________________
> From: Nan Galbraith [ngalbraith at whoi.edu]
> Sent: 20 January 2015 18:35
> To: cf-metadata at cgd.ucar.edu
> Subject: [CF-metadata] Fwd: Re: Request for new standard-name:  apparent_oxygen_utilization
> 
> Hi all -
> 
> I received this follow-up from Ajay, and thought it would be OK
> to share it with the list. I wasn't aware of it, but 'apparent oxygen
> utilization' seems to be a well-defined term in oceanography.
> 
> Not sure if this changes others' opinions, but it does change mine.
> 
> Regards -
> Nan
> 
> 
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject:        Re: [CF-metadata] Request for new standard-name:
> apparent_oxygen_utilization
> Date:   Thu, 15 Jan 2015 15:24:25 -0500
> From:   Ajay Krishnan - NOAA Affiliate <ajay.krishnan at noaa.gov>
> To:     Nan Galbraith <ngalbraith at whoi.edu>
> 
> 
> 
> Hi Nan,
> 
> I posed your question to the Science team that requested the standard
> name and this was their response:
> 
> Maybe it is better to stick to a citable reference. No additional
> description of what AOU is necessary, in my opinion. But if one is
> needed, I can slightly modify Tim's version
> 
> AOU, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, is defined as the difference between
> the saturation oxygen concentration at 1 atmosphere and the observed
> oxygen concentration (Broecker and Peng, 1982)
> 
> Broecker, W. S. and T. H. Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea,
> Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, N. Y.
> 
> 
> 
> 
>    ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>    Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2015 13:21:57 -0500 (EST)
>    From: Tim Boyer <tim.boyer at noaa.gov <mailto:tim.boyer at noaa.gov>>
>    To: Ajay Krishnan - NOAA Affiliate <ajay.krishnan at noaa.gov
>    <mailto:ajay.krishnan at noaa.gov>>
>    Subject: Re: Fwd: [CF-metadata] Request for new standard-name:
>         apparent_oxygen_utilization
> 
>    Ajay,
> 
>    ...
> 
>       AOU is a standard calculation made by oceanographers to
>       estimate non-physical usage of oxygen - non-physical
>       meaning biological uptake/release and chemical reaction.
>       Physically, it is assumed that oxygen will be saturated
>       at the surface with respects to the atmosphere through physical
>       processes and therefore only non-physical processes can alter oxygen
>       content from saturation state.  If Nan (or Hernan) would like to
>       suggest a change or addition to the definition, thats
>       fine.
> 
>       As for whether AOU should be defined somewhere else,
>       cell method or standard name modifier - that is something
>       for you CF experts to decide.  Please ask Nan to propose
>       such a definition.
> 
>    Thanks,
>    Tim
> 
> 
> On Thu, Jan 15, 2015 at 9:30 AM, Nan Galbraith <ngalbraith at whoi.edu
> <mailto:ngalbraith at whoi.edu>> wrote:
> 
>    Hi, Ajay -
> 
>    This looks, at first glance, like a too-specific term; the
>    definition doesn't
>    carry as much information as the proposed standard name itself. What I
>    mean, specifically is, aren't there times when the difference
>    between saturation
>    oxygen and observed oxygen are NOT a measure of oxygen utilization?
> 
>    And, isn't there an existing method to describe a value that
>    represents a
>    difference such as this?  Standard name modifier, or cell method,
>    I'm not
>    sure which ... sorry I can't look more closely at this right now!
> 
>    Regards - Nan
> 
> 
> 
>    On 1/14/15 11:54 AM, Ajay Krishnan - NOAA Affiliate wrote:
>>    Hi All,
>> 
>>    I had requested for a new standard name for
>>    apparent_oxygen_utilization during the last week of November.
>>    Since, there have been no discussions on it, I wanted to quickly
>>    follow up on it.
>> 
>>    Thanks,
>>    Ajay
>> 
>>    On Mon, Nov 24, 2014 at 2:16 PM, Ajay Krishnan - NOAA Affiliate
>>    <ajay.krishnan at noaa.gov <mailto:ajay.krishnan at noaa.gov>> wrote:
>> 
>>        Dear CF community,
>> 
>>        On behalf of NODC, I would like to request for a new standard
>>        name:
>> 
>>        apparent_oxygen_utiliziation (AOU)
>>        definition: the difference between saturation oxygen content
>>        and observed oxygen content.
>>        units: micromoles/kg
>> 
>> 
>>        Description is from Broecker and Peng, 1982, Tracers in
>>        the Sea
>>        http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~broecker/Home_files/TracersInTheSea_searchable.pdf
>>        <http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/%7Ebroecker/Home_files/TracersInTheSea_searchable.pdf>
>>        (pp 131-138)
>> 
>>        Some more detail in Garcia et al., World Ocean Atlas
>>        Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and
>>        Oxygen Saturation.
>>        http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/woa/WOA13/DOC/woa13_vol3.pdf
>> 
>>        Thanks,
>>        Ajay
>> 
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