Dear Philip,
Thank you for your suggestion. I hope that Martin can confirm whether it would be useful to add the sentence about the mass to the definitions. Personally, I think that it would be a useful clarification.
Best wishes,
Alison
------
Alison Pamment Tel: +44 1235 778065
NCAS/British Atmospheric Data Centre Email: alison.pamment at stfc.ac.uk
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
R25, 2.22
Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K.
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Cameron-smith, Philip [mailto:cameronsmith1 at llnl.gov]
> Sent: 06 July 2012 18:12
> To: Pamment, Alison (STFC,RAL,RALSP); m.schultz at fz-juelich.de; cf-
> metadata at cgd.ucar.edu
> Subject: RE: Re: [CF-metadata] Warming up old stuff - 4 (emissions)
>
> Hi All,
>
> There are endless ways to slice, dice, and combine emission categories.
> In practice, Martin's proposal is about as good as it gets, and
> although there is the theoretical possibility for massive numbers of
> std_names, I think in practice it will be large but manageable.
>
> The most important thing with emissions is to know clearly what is and
> isn't included, and these descriptions are better than others I have
> had to work with.
>
> I therefore support these std_names, with one recommendation:
>
> One common source of confusion for emissions is what the mass refers
> to. It is common to find emissions quantified by the 'main' element
> rather than the whole molecule (eg emissions of carbon rather than
> carbon dioxide). To avoid such confusion, I recommend we add a
> sentence to each description saying 'The mass is the total mass of the
> molecules'.
>
> Note that if people want to specify the emissions by an element mass
> only, then we already have a natural way to extend these std_names
> using '_expressed_as_'.
>
> Best wishes,
>
> Philip
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Dr Philip Cameron-Smith, pjc at llnl.gov, Lawrence Livermore National Lab.
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: CF-metadata [mailto:cf-metadata-bounces at cgd.ucar.edu] On Behalf
> > Of alison.pamment at stfc.ac.uk
> > Sent: Friday, July 06, 2012 3:01 AM
> > To: m.schultz at fz-juelich.de; cf-metadata at cgd.ucar.edu
> > Subject: Re: [CF-metadata] Warming up old stuff - 4 (emissions)
> >
> > Dear Martin, All,
> >
> > Martin Schultz proposed a set of emission names about 12 months ago
> and
> > there has been some sporadic discussion since. I would like to draw
> this
> > discussion to a conclusion so that we are in a position to include
> these
> > quantities, which are clearly of fundamental importance to the
> climate
> > community, in the standard name table.
> >
> > To summarize the situation so far: there has been discussion of the
> syntax of
> > the names and I think that we quite quickly reached a consensus on
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_Y
> > (kg m-2 s-1) where X is the chemical species and Y is the emission
> sector. I
> > think also that there is no problem about the chemical species names
> that
> > have been proposed. The remaining question is therefore one of
> describing
> > and defining the emissions sectors and Martin has provided references
> to
> > IPCC documentation describing "source categories". Steven Smith and
> > Gregory Frost supported the proposals for the sectors; Heiko Klein
> suggested
> > that they are too tied to IPCC and that a more general list of
> sectors would be
> > desirable. Martin replied that there is scope for future activity in
> developing
> > an emissions vocabulary, but it seems as though that work that is
> still very
> > much in progress. Martin (off list) has also expressed the view that
> there are
> > currently only two can didates for describing emissions sectors:
> IPCC and
> > something called 'SNAP'. Apparently the two definitions overlap, but
> are not
> > identical. Martin's proposal follows the recommendations of GEIA (the
> Global
> > emissions inventory activity). There have not been any other comments
> on
> > this set of proposals since 10th March.
> >
> > First a reminder of the proposed emission categories (twelve in all),
> followed
> > by my suggestion for how we should proceed.
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_e
> > nergy_p
> > > roduction_and_distribution
> > > Definition: The 'energy production and distribution' sector refers
> to
> > > the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source
> categories
> > > 1A1 and 1B as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national
> > > greenhouse gas inventories. It comprises fuel combustion activities
> > > related to energy industries (1A1) and fugitive emissions from
> fuels
> > > (1B). It may also include any not-classified or "other" combustion,
> > > which is commonly included in energy-related inventory data.
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_in
> > dustri
> > > al_processes_and_combustion
> > > Definition: The 'industrial processes and combustion' sector refers
> to
> > > the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source
> categories
> > > 1A2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2E as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines
> for
> > > national greenhouse gas inventories. It comprises fuel combustion
> > > activities related to manufacturing industries and construction
> (1A2)
> > > and industrial processes related to the mineral products (2A), the
> > > chemical industry (2B), the metal production (2C), the pulp, paper,
> > > food and drink production (2D), and non-energy use of
> lubricants/waxes
> > > (2G). It may also include any not-classified or "other" combustion,
> > > which is commonly included in industry-related inventory data.
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_re
> > sident
> > > ial_and_commercial_combustion
> > > Definition: The 'residential and commercial combustion' sector
> refers
> > > to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source
> > > category
> > > 1A4 as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse
> gas
> > > inventories. It comprises fuel combustion activities related to the
> > > commercial/institutional sector (1A4a), the residential sector
> (1A4b)
> > > and the agriculture/forestry/fishing sector (1A4c). It may also
> > > include any not-classified or "other" combustion, which is commonly
> > > included in the inventory data.
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_so
> > lvent_
> > > production_and_use
> > > Definition: The 'solvent production and use' sector refers to the
> IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source categories 2F
> and 3
> > > as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It comprises industrial processes related to the
> > > consumption of halocarbons and SF6 (2F) and solvent and other
> product
> > > use (3).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_ag
> > ricult
> > > ural_production
> > > Definition: The 'agricultural production' sector refers to the IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source categories 4A,
> 4B,
> > > 4C, 4D and 4G as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national
> > > greenhouse gas inventories. It comprises the agricultural processes
> > > enteric fermentation (4A), manure management (4B), rice cultivation
> > > (4C), agricultural soils (4D) and other (4G). It may also include
> any
> > > not-classified or "other" combustion, which is commonly included in
> > > industry-related inventory data.
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_ag
> > ricult
> > > ural_waste_burning
> > > Definition: The 'agricultural waste burning' sector refers to the
> IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 4F as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It comprises field burning of agricultural residues
> (4F).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_w
> > aste_tr
> > > eatment_and_disposal
> > > Definition: The 'waste treatment and disposal' sector refers to the
> > > IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 6
> as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It comprises solid waste disposal on land (6A),
> > > wastewater handling (6B), waste incineration (6C) and other (6D).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_fo
> > rest_f
> > > ires
> > > Definition: The 'forest fires' sector refers to the IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 5 as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It comprises the burning of living or dead vegetation
> in
> > > forests (natural and human-induced).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_sa
> > vanna_
> > > and_grassland_fires
> > > Definition: The 'savanna and grassland fires' sector refers to the
> > > IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 5
> as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It comprises the burning of living or dead vegetation
> in
> > > non-forested areas (natural and human-induced). It excludes field
> > > burning of agricultural residues (source category 4F).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_la
> > nd_tra
> > > nsport
> > > Definition: The 'land transport' sector refers to the IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source categories 1A3b,
> > > 1A3c and 1A3e as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national
> > > greenhouse gas inventories. It includes fuel combustion activities
> > > related to road transportation (1A3B), railways (1A3c) and other
> > > transportation (1A3e).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_m
> > aritime
> > > _transport
> > > Definition: The 'maritime transport' sector refers to the IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 1A3d as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It includes fuel combustion activities related to
> > > maritime transport (1A3d).
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_mass_concentration_of_X_in_air_due_to_emission_from_avi
> > ati
> > > on
> > > Definition: The 'aviation' sector refers to the IPCC
> > > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source category 1A3a as
> > > defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
> > > inventories. It includes fuel combustion activities related to
> civil
> > > aviation (1A3a).
> >
> > Clearly each proposed name involves a grouping together of a 'basket'
> of
> > processes and doubtless different combinations could be chosen than
> those
> > arrived at by the IPCC. For example, one could imagine a dataset that
> > combined 'land_transport' and 'maritime_transport' into a
> > 'surface_transport' category. Equally, one could imagine a dataset
> that
> > subdivided the emissions into more categories than the IPCC process,
> e.g.,
> > 'extraction_and_distribution_of_natural_gas',
> > 'extraction_and_refinement_of_crude_oil', and so on. The current
> proposals
> > would certainly not prevent us from introducing such names for
> broader or
> > narrower categories if they were required in the future. Equally they
> would
> > not prevent us from introducing names for categories that overlap two
> or
> > more of the current proposals, e.g.,
> > 'commercial_and_industrial_combustion'. In all these cases we would
> be
> > able to construct meaningful standard names that would allow data
> users to
> > answer the question of whether two quanti ties are comparable (the
> central
> > purpose of standard names). Furthermore, it seems unlikely, based on
> the
> > discussion so far in this thread, that we could design a set of
> standard names
> > now that will definitively describe all possible categories and
> combinations of
> > emissions that will be needed for datasets in the future. Therefore I
> think
> > that we should accept Martin's proposals while recognizing that we
> will
> > almost certainly need to introduce new standard names for emissions
> as new
> > datasets become available.
> >
> > I wonder, however, whether we could generalize the definitions a
> little so
> > that the proposed names could be used for variables containing both
> IPCC-
> > like and other data that fall into broadly the same categories. I
> think we could
> > achieve this by using the wording that Martin has provided and
> > recommending that additional metadata be provided as to exactly which
> > processes are included in a particular dataset (in the same way that
> we ask
> > for extra detail when using group chemical names such as 'alkanes').
> For
> > example, Martin proposes
> >
> > >
> > tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_X_due_to_emission_from_e
> > nergy_p
> > > roduction_and_distribution
> > > Definition: The 'energy production and distribution' sector refers
> to
> > > the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source
> categories
> > > 1A1 and 1B as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national
> > > greenhouse gas inventories. It comprises fuel combustion activities
> > > related to energy industries (1A1) and fugitive emissions from
> fuels
> > > (1B). It may also include any not-classified or "other" combustion,
> > > which is commonly included in energy-related inventory data.
> >
> > Perhaps we could adjust this to: 'The "energy production and
> distribution"
> > sector comprises fuel combustion activities related to energy
> industries and
> > fugitive emissions from fuels. It may also include any not-classified
> or "other"
> > combustion, which is commonly included in energy-related inventory
> data.
> > "Energy production and distribution" is the term used in standard
> names to
> > describe a collection of emission sources. Where possible, the data
> variable
> > should be accompanied by a complete description of the individual
> sources
> > that are included, for example, by using a comment attribute. The
> comment
> > attribute could be a list of sources or a reference such as "IPCC
> > (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) source categories
> > 1A1 and 1B as defined in the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national
> greenhouse
> > gas inventories".'
> >
> > Would this be an acceptable way forward? If anyone thinks we should
> take a
> > much different approach to dealing with the emissions standard names,
> > please can I ask for specific suggestions rather than general
> comments as we
> > do need to make progress on finalising these quantities.
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Alison
> >
> > ------
> > Alison Pamment Tel: +44 1235 778065
> > NCAS/British Atmospheric Data Centre Email:
> alison.pamment at stfc.ac.uk
> > STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
> > R25, 2.22
> > Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K.
> >
> >
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> > http://mailman.cgd.ucar.edu/mailman/listinfo/cf-metadata
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