That is a good point. forestry_and_agricultural_products is good.
On Fri, Dec 2, 2016 at 9:31 AM, Elena Shevliakova <elena at princeton.edu>
wrote:
> Alison et al,
> I think to make categories consistent in terms of anthropogenic categories
> you may want to change it to
>
> forestry_and_agricultural_products or logging_and_agricultural_products.
>
> wood and agricultural are not the same type of categories
> Lena
> ------------------------------
> *From:* David Lawrence [dlawren at ucar.edu]
> *Sent:* Friday, December 02, 2016 8:51 AM
> *To:* Alison Pamment
> *Cc:* Jonathan Gregory; Elena Shevliakova; cf-metadata at cgd.ucar.edu
> *Subject:* Re: [CF-metadata] New LUMIP variables
>
> Hi Alison,
>
> My responses are below, but they mostly consist of "yes, I agree."
>
> On Thu, Dec 1, 2016 at 4:00 PM, <alison.pamment at stfc.ac.uk> wrote:
>
>> Dear Dave and Jonathan,
>>
>> Thank you for the discussion of the product names and I see that we have
>> now settled on wood_and_agricultural_products, which I agree is easier
>> to understand for the non-expert. This same terminology will also need to
>> be adopted for C4MIP so that we have a consistent approach for all the
>> names.
>>
>> Following on from our earlier discussion (http://mailman.cgd.ucar.edu/p
>> ipermail/cf-metadata/2016/059101.html) I have updated all the LUMIP
>> names and definitions as detailed below. The majority of LUMIP names are
>> now either agreed or very close to agreement. Dave, please could you check
>> through the list once more and let me know if anything else needs changing
>> for proposals 1 - 6. I do still have some outstanding questions regarding
>> proposals 7 and 8.
>>
>> > > 1. moisture_content_of_soil_layer (canonical units: kg m-2)
>> > > 'Moisture in top 10 cm of soil column of land use tile.'
>> > >
>> > > soil_moisture_content (canonical units: kg m-2)
>> > > 'Total soil moisture'.
>> > >
>> > > Jonathan is correct that these two names already exist. However, the
>> reason I suggested raising them on the mailing list is that I think we
>> should improve the wording of
>> > > the existing names by changing them to mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer
>> and soil_mass_content_of_water respectively. This would make the syntax of
>> the soil
>> > > names more consistent with other existing names such as
>> atmosphere_mass_content_of_water and mass_content_of_water_vapor_in_atmosphere_layer,
>> for example.
>> > > There are also existing soil names that refer to "frozen_water" and
>> "condensed_water" rather than "moisture" so I think it would be sensible to
>> standardize the
>> > > terminology used across all the names. The soil names could continue
>> to use their existing definitions as follows:
>> > >
>> > > mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer (kg m-2)
>> > > ' "Water" means water in all phases. "Content" indicates a quantity
>> per unit area. "Layer" means any layer with upper and lower boundaries that
>> have constant values in
>> > > some vertical coordinate. There must be a vertical coordinate
>> variable indicating the extent of the layer(s). If the layers are model
>> layers, the vertical coordinate can be
>> > > model_level_number, but it is recommended to specify a physical
>> coordinate (in a scalar or auxiliary coordinate variable) as well.
>> Quantities defined for a soil layer must
>> > > have a vertical coordinate variable with boundaries indicating the
>> extent of the layer(s).'
>> > >
>> > > soil_mass_content_of_water (kg m-2)
>> > > ' "Water" means water in all phases. "Content" indicates a quantity
>> per unit area. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical
>> integral from the surface down to
>> > > the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified
>> levels in the soil, standard names including content_of_soil_layer are
>> used.'
>> > >
>> > > Is this OK? If so, I think these names can be accepted for inclusion
>> in the standard name table (the older versions of the names would be
>> retained as aliases).
>> > >
>> > This is fine with me. Presumably this will affect not only LUMIP
>> variable request but that of other MIPs like LS3MIP. But, main thing is
>> getting a consistent naming
>> > convention and this seems good.
>>
>> Following discussion with Jonathan it was agreed to change the order of
>> the words in the second name as follows:
>> mass_content_of_water_in_soil (kg m-2)
>> ' "Water" means water in all phases. "Content" indicates a quantity per
>> unit area. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical
>> integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the
>> content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including
>> "content_of_soil_layer" are used.'
>>
>> Any changes to these names will affect all CF users. I will make sure
>> that the LS3MIP team are aware of the change. The old versions of the names
>> will be retained in the standard name table as aliases which means that any
>> data already written with those names will not be invalidated. However,
>> data written in the future should use the most up to date version of the
>> names.
>>
>> These changes are accepted for publication in the standard name table and
>> will be added at the next update, scheduled for December 13th.
>>
>> > > 2. surface_downward_mass_flux_of_water_due_to_crop_irrigation
>> (canonical_units: kg m-2)
>> > > 'cropland irrigation flux'
>> > >
>> > > I think the name and units are fine. We need to expand the definition
>> and based on text used for existing names I would suggest:
>> > > ' "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when
>> directed downward (negative upward). The surface called "surface" means the
>> lower boundary of the
>> > > atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical
>> disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in
>> physics. The specification of a physical
>> > > process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named
>> is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general
>> quantity named by
>> > > omitting the phrase.'
>> > >
>> > > Is this OK? I am wondering if this name refers to any particular
>> definition of 'crop', for example, arable crops, fruit trees, trees grown
>> for timber, or perhaps all of the
>> > > above? It would be useful to add that into the text too.
>> > >
>> > I would suggest changing to (note the unit change as well as name
>> change), removing the term crop to be more general.
>> >
>> > surface_downward_mass_flux_of_water_due_to_irrigation
>> (canonical_units: kg m-2 s-1 or kg s-1)
>> > The description would then be: Irrigation flux including any
>> irrigation for crops, trees, pasture, or urban lawns.
>> > As with other flux variables, is the per unit area implied since this
>> is a flux term?
>>
>> Yes, flux always does imply per unit area in standard names so the units
>> should be kg m-2 s-1 as you say. The name looks fine. So then we would have:
>> surface_downward_mass_flux_of_water_due_to_irrigation (canonical_units:
>> kg m-2 s-1)
>> ' "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed
>> downward (negative upward). The surface called "surface" means the lower
>> boundary of the
>> atmosphere. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines,
>> "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The
>> specification of a physical
>> process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is
>> a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity
>> named by omitting
>> the phrase. "Irrigation" includes water used to sustain crops, trees,
>> pastures and urban lawns.'
>>
>> OK?
>>
>
> Yes, this is ok. The only issue is that I get confused about whether or
> not m-2 should be in the units or not. For other variables (e.g. the
> carbon mass flux variables listed below), you remove the m-2 because it is
> implied by the term flux, but you have included it here for this variable.
>
>>
>> > > 3. surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux_due_to_anthropogenic_energy_consumption
>> (canonical units: W m-2)
>> > > ' anthropogenic heat flux'
>> > >
>> > > I note that after discussion with Jonathan, Dave has agreed that the
>> name should be more general, i.e., it is not only a sensible heat flux and
>> the proposal is now
>> > > surface_upward_heat_flux_due_to_anthropogenic_energy_consumption
>> (Wm-2).
>> > >
>> > > That name and the units are fine, so now we need a definition. Based
>> on the definitions of existing names we would have the following:
>> > > 'The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the
>> atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when
>> directed upward (negative
>> > > downward). The vertical heat flux in air is the sum of all heat
>> fluxes i.e. radiative, latent and sensible. In accordance with common usage
>> in geophysical disciplines, "flux"
>> > > implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The
>> specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means
>> that the quantity named is a single
>> > > term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity
>> named by omitting the phrase. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or
>> created by human
>> > > activity.'
>> > >
>> > > Does 'anthropogenic_energy_consumption' mean all anthropogenic
>> processes, e.g., domestic, industrial, transport, agriculture, and so on?
>> It would make the definition
>> > > (and hence the name) more useful if we can say something about which
>> processes are included or excluded.
>> > >
>> > Anthropogenic heat flux generated from non-renewable human primary
>> energy consumption, including energy use by vehicles, commercial and
>> residential buildings,
>> > industry, and power plants. Primary energy refers to energy in natural
>> resources, fossil and nonfossil, before conversion into other forms, such
>> as electricity.
>>
>> Thank you for supplying the definition. So, in full, we have:
>> surface_upward_heat_flux_due_to_anthropogenic_energy_consumption
>> (canonical units: W m-2)
>> 'The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere.
>> "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed
>> upward (negative downward). The vertical heat flux in air is the sum of all
>> heat fluxes i.e. radiative, latent and sensible. In accordance with common
>> usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called
>> "flux density" in physics. The specification of a physical process by the
>> phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in
>> a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by
>> omitting the phrase. "Anthropogenic" means influenced, caused, or created
>> by human activity. The heat flux due to anthropogenic energy consumption
>> results from non-renewable human primary energy consumption, including
>> energy use by vehicles, commercial and residential buildings, industry, and
>> power plants. Primary energy refers to energy in natural resources, fossil
>> and non-fossil, before conversion into other forms, such as electricity.'
>>
>> OK?
>>
>
> Yes.
>
>>
>> > > 4. tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_carbon_due_to_emissio
>> n_from_anthropogenic_product_pool (canonical units: kg s-1)
>> > > ' flux from anthropogenic pools on land use tile into atmosphere'
>>
>> Following the discussion on product names, this proposal has now become:
>> tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_carbon_dioxide_expres
>> sed_as_carbon_due_to_emission_from_wood_and_agricultural_products
>> (canonical units: kg s-1)
>> ' "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase
>> "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a
>> chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the
>> standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A,
>> neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. The chemical formula for
>> carbon dioxide is CO2. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The
>> "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the
>> surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified
>> levels in the atmosphere, standard names including
>> "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The specification of a physical
>> process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a
>> single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity
>> named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary
>> source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower
>> boundary (i.e. the surface of the earth). "Emission" is a process entirely
>> distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. Examples
>> of "wood and agricultural products" are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber
>> for construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models
>> that simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that
>> represent these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual
>> release into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in
>> landfill sites.
>>
>> OK?
>>
>
> Yes.
>
>
>>
>> For consistency with this discussion, the existing standard name
>> carbon_content_of_products_of_anthropogenic_land_use_change will be made
>> into an alias. The new version of the name will then be:
>> carbon_content_of_wood_and_agricultural_products (kg m-2)
>> ' "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. Examples of "wood and
>> agricultural products" are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for
>> construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that
>> simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent
>> these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release
>> into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill
>> sites.'
>>
>> OK?
>>
>> Yes.
>
>
>> > > 5. carbon_mass_flux_into_anthropogenic_product_pools_due_to_land_use_land_cover_change
>> (canonical units: kg s-1)
>> > > 'carbon harvested due to land-use or land-cover change process that
>> enters anthropogenic product pools on tile'
>>
>> Following the discussion on product names, and the discussion about
>> anthropogenic land use or land cover change (see proposal 7 below), this
>> proposal has now become:
>> mass_flux_of_carbon_into_wood_and_agricultural_products_due_
>> to_anthropogenic_land_use_or_land_cover_change (canonical units: kg s-1)
>> 'In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux"
>> implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The specification
>> of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the
>> quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose
>> the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Anthropogenic" means
>> influenced, caused, or created by human activity. Examples of "wood and
>> agricultural products" are paper, cardboard, furniture, timber for
>> construction, biofuels and food for both humans and livestock. Models that
>> simulate land use changes have one or more pools of carbon that represent
>> these products in order to conserve carbon and allow its eventual release
>> into the atmosphere, for example, when the products decompose in landfill
>> sites.'
>>
>> OK?
>>
>>
> Yes.
>
>
>> > > 6. carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_or_litter_pools_due_to_land_use_land_cover_change
>> (canonical_units: kg s-1)
>> > > 'carbon transferred to soil or litter pools due to land-use or
>> land-cover change processes on tile'
>> > >
>> > > As with the previous proposal, is it correct to refer simply to
>> 'carbon' rather than carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon? Dave and
>> Jonathan agreed that we should refer to
>> > > 'land_use_or_land_cover_change. Perhaps the name should say
>> soil_and_litter, rather than soil_or_litter because presumably the carbon
>> is going into both pools? Also,
>> > > existing names refer simply to 'soil' and/or 'litter' without using
>> the word 'pool', so I think we should leave that word out for consistency.
>> > >
>> > > So then the name would be:
>> > > carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_and_litter_due_to_land_use_or_land_cover_change
>> (kg s-1)
>> > > 'In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux"
>> implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Litter" is dead
>> plant material in or above the
>> > > soil. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_"
>> process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms
>> which together compose
>> > > the general quantity named by omitting the phrase.'
>> > >
>> > > OK?
>> > >
>> > It is more appropriate to refer to 'carbon' rather than
>> 'carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carbon'. Leaving out the word pool is
>> fine. Changing to soil and litter is fine.
>>
>> Thanks for clarifying. Following the discussion about anthropogenic land
>> use or land cover change (see proposal 7 below) I have added
>> 'anthropogenic' into this name, so we now have:
>> carbon_mass_flux_into_soil_and_litter_due_to_anthropogenic_land_use_or_land_cover_change
>> (kg s-1)
>> 'In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux"
>> implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Litter" is dead
>> plant material in or above the soil. The specification of a physical
>> process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a
>> single term in a sum of terms which together compose
>> the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Anthropogenic" means
>> influenced, caused, or created by human activity.'
>>
>> OK?
>>
>
> Yes.
>
>
>>
>> > > 7. carbon_mass_flux_direct_to_atmosphere_due_to_land_use_land_cover_change
>> (canonical units: kg s1)
>> > > 'carbon transferred directly to atmosphere due to any land-use or
>> land-cover change activities including deforestation or agricultural fire'
>> > >
>> > > Jonathan suggested that this name would be better expressed as
>> > > surface_upward_mass_flux_of_carbon_dioxide_expressed_as_carb
>> on_due_to_land_use_or_land_cover_change for consistency with other
>> surface flux names and Dave
>> > > agreed with this change. For the definition, I note that agricultural
>> fires are included but what about natural ones? Do all these
>> 'land_use_or_land_cover_change' names
>> > > really refer to anthropogenic changes rather than natural ones? If
>> so, we should really say 'anthropogenic_land_use_or_land_cover_change'
>> in all of them.
>> > >
>> > Natural fire or natural land cover change due to shifts in vegetation
>> biogeography should not be included. Generally, the term land-use and
>> land-cover change implies
>> > anthropogenic, but to be more explicit, it would be appropriate to add
>> 'anthropogenic' in front of land-use and land-cover change.
>>
>> Thanks for clarifying. I think it is useful to be explicit about which
>> processes are natural and which are anthropogenic. Looking back through the
>> standard name table, I now see that we have some existing names that refer
>> to anthropogenic_land_use_change which I think were proposed for CMIP5. The
>> definitions of these names all say '"Anthropogenic land use change" means
>> human changes to land, excluding forest regrowth. It includes fires ignited
>> by humans for the purpose of land use change and the processes of eventual
>> disposal and decomposition of wood products such as paper, cardboard,
>> furniture and timber for construction.' Does all of that apply to this name?
>>
>> Yes.
>
>
>> > > 8. change_over_time_in_area_fraction (canonical units: 1)
>> > > 'annual gross fraction of land use tile that was transferred into
>> other land use tiles'
>> > >
>> > > Jonathan suggested that this quantity could be described as
>> tendency_of_area_fraction (canonical unit: s-1) and that units of yr-1
>> could be used in the data files. Dave
>> > > agreed that this would be an acceptable approach.
>> > >
>> > > Thus the name, units and definition would be:
>> > > tendency_of_area_fraction (s-1)
>> > > ' "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time.
>> "X_area_fraction" means the fraction of horizontal area occupied by X.
>> Annual gross fraction of land use tile > > that was transferred into other
>> land use tiles.'
>> > >
>> > > OK? If so, I think this one can be accepted for inclusion in the
>> standard name table.
>> > Note that we want to track two variables separately, which we
>> originally labeled something like:
>> > tendency_of_area_fraction_transitioned_out_of_land_use_tile (s-1)
>> > annual gross fraction that was transferred out of this tile to other
>> land use tiles
>> >
>> > tendency_of_area_fraction_transitioned_into_land_use_tile (s-1)
>> > annual gross fraction that was transferred into this tile from other
>> land use tiles
>> > The goal here is to be able to track the gross transitions. In
>> principle, for example, in a grid cell you could have 50%
>> primary_and_secondary_land and 50% cropland and
>> > then transfer all of the primary_and_secondary_land to cropland and all
>> of the cropland to primary_and_secondary_land giving a net change of zero
>> but a gross change of
>> > 50% in either direction. We want to be able to track the gross change
>> so we need to know both what is being transferred out and transferred in
>> for each land use tile.
>>
>> Thank you for explaining more about your use case - I hadn't understood
>> it properly before. I think, on balance, the best way to handle this is to
>> go back to your original idea of using two standard names to make the
>> meaning as clear as possible. I think Jonathan's suggestion of having
>> canonical units of s-1 is still a good one, because you can then use year-1
>> in your data files. For gross changes I think we need to be clear about the
>> sign convention in the name itself, hence the following suggestions.
>>
>> gross_rate_of_increase_in_area_fraction (s-1)
>> The "rate of increase in area fraction" is the fraction of a grid cell
>> that transitions to a given area type per unit time, for example, as a
>> result of land use changes. The quantity described by this standard name is
>> a gross increase because it includes only land where the use transitions to
>> the given area type and excludes land that transitions away from that area
>> type during the same period. The area type should be specified using a
>> coordinate or scalar coordinate variable with standard name area_type.
>> There is also a standard name for gross_rate_of_decrease_in_area
>> _fraction.
>>
>> gross_rate_of_decrease_in_area_fraction (s-1)
>> The "gross rate of decrease in area fraction" is the fraction of a grid
>> cell that transitions from a given area type per unit time, for example, as
>> a result of land use changes. The quantity described by this standard name
>> is a gross decrease because it includes only land where the use transitions
>> away from the given area type and excludes land that transitions to that
>> area type during the same period. The area type should be specified using a
>> coordinate of scalar coordinate variable with standard name area_type.
>> There is also a standard name for gross_rate_of_increase_in_area
>> _fraction.
>>
>> Does that sound better?
>>
>
> Yes. I like this suggestion.
>
>>
>> Best wishes,
>> Alison
>>
>> ------
>> Alison Pamment Tel: +44
>> 1235 778065
>> Centre for Environmental Data Analysis Email:
>> alison.pamment at stfc.ac.uk
>> STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
>> R25, 2.22
>> Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, U.K.
>>
>>
>
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